Wheat is one of the most important staple crops globally, serving as a key ingredient in a variety of food products and playing a crucial role in global trade. It is widely used for human consumption, animal feed, and industrial applications, making it a critical agricultural commodity.

• Winter Wheat vs. Spring Wheat: Winter wheat is planted in the fall and harvested in the spring or early summer, while spring wheat is planted in the spring and harvested in late summer or fall. The growing season affects the protein content and milling characteristics.
• Whole Wheat vs. Refined Wheat: Whole wheat contains the entire grain kernel (bran, germ, and endosperm), making it more nutritious. Refined wheat, like white flour, has the bran and germ removed.

• Hard Red Winter Wheat: Known for its high protein content, it is primarily used in bread-making.
• Hard Red Spring Wheat: Even higher in protein than winter wheat, it’s also used for bread, as well as in high-gluten products like pizza crusts and bagels.
• Major Producers: The top wheat-producing countries are China, India, Russia, the United States, and France. These nations are also significant exporters.
• Export Markets: Wheat is a globally traded commodity, with major importers including countries in North Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. Countries like Egypt, Indonesia, and Turkey are among the largest wheat importers.
• Price Factors: Wheat prices are influenced by factors such as weather conditions (droughts, floods), geopolitical tensions, export policies, and global demand. Global wheat prices also fluctuate based on supply from key producers, as well as crop quality and yield forecasts.